Chapter 1
Wudu (Ritual Ablution)
Tahaarat (Purification) is an absolutely essential aspect of Namaaz and
without it Namaaz can never be regarded as being valid. Actually, the
Ulama have written that it is kufr (infidelity) to intentionally perform
Namaaz without Wudu and why should this not be the case, whereas the
person who has performed Namaaz without Wudu or Ghusl has
disrespected and insulted Namaaz. The Holy Prophet (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘The key to
Jannat is Salaah and the key to Salaah is Tahaarat (Purification)’. This Hadith has
been narrated by Imam Ahmed from Hazrat Jaabir ؓ◌. Once Nabi (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) was
reciting Surah Rum during the Fajr Salaah and he was hesitant during the
recitation. On completion of the Salaah, He said, ‘What is the condition of
those who perform Salaah with us, but do not perform proper Tahaarat
(purification)? It is because of them that the Imam has an uncertainty in the Qir’at
(recitation of the Qur’an).’ This Hadith has been reported by Nasa’i from
Shubaib bin Abi Ruh who narrated it from a particular Sahabi. If this is the
case when performing Salaah without proper Tahaarat, then what can be
said about the ill-fortune of performing Namaaz without any Tahaarat? It
has been mentioned in one Hadith that ‘Tahaarat is half of Imaan’ Tirmizi has
reported this Hadith on the merit of it being Hassan. Tahaarat is divided
into 2 categories, namely:
1. Sughra – Minor
2. Kubra – Major
Sughra (minor ritual purification) refers to Wudu (ritual ablution) and
Kubra (Major Purification) refers to Ghusl (ritual bath). Factors which cause
only the Wudu to become necessary are known as Hadath-e-Asghar and
factors which cause Ghusl to become Fard (obligatory) are known as Hadathe-Akbar.
These along with all those things related to them will be discussed
in detail as we proceed.
Allah says: ‘O Believers! When you intend to perform Namaaz (Prayer) (and you have no Wudu), then wash your faces, and your hands up to your elbows and make Masah of your heads and wash your feet up to your ankles.’ [Surah 5 Verse 6] It seems appropriate to first present a few Ahadith pertaining to the excellence and virtues of Wudu before the laws pertaining to Wudu are discussed.
Hadith 1: Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim report from Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said ‘My Ummah will be summoned on the Day of Qiyaamat in a condition whereby their faces, hands and feet will be glowing from the vestiges of Wudu, thus whosoever of you has the ability to do so, should increase this glow.’
Hadith 2: It is in Sahih Muslim on the authority of Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said to his companions, ‘Should I not inform you of such a thing through which Almighty Allah will remove your sins and exalt your status?’ The companions said, ‘Yes, O Prophet of Allah ’, He said, ‘to perform proper Wudu at the time when you feel awkward in making Wudu and to go swiftly towards the Masjid, whilst waiting (in anticipation) after one Namaaz for the next. The reward of this is like tying your horse on the frontier of the infidels, for the sake of supporting the Muslim Empire.’
Hadith 3: Imam Maalik and Nasa’i narrated from Abdullah Sanabahi (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘When a Muslim performs Wudu, then by rinsing his mouth, the sins of the mouth fall away and when he inserts water into the nostrils and cleans them out, then the sins of the nose are released and when he washes his face then the sins of his face are washed away, to the extent that the (sins) of the eye lashes are washed away and when he washes his hands, then the sins of his hands are removed, to the extent that the (sins) of the finger nails are washed away and when he performs masah of his head, then the sins of the head fall away, to the extent that even the (sins) of the ears are washed away and when he washes his feet, then the sins of the feet are washed away, to the extent that they are washed away from (beneath) the toe nails. Thereafter, his endeavour towards performing his Namaaz is an additional (blessing) to this.’
Hadith 4: Baz’zaar has reported a Hassan (close to sound) narration, that Hazrat Uthman (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) requested his servant Hamraan to bring him some water to perform Wudu and he then wished to go out, whereas it was a cold winters night. Hamraan says, ‘I brought the water to him and he performed his Wudu. He then washed his hands and feet (in other words he performed Wudu), so I said to him, (I pray) Allah rewards your intention but it is a very cold night (to be going out). On hearing this, he said, I heard Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) saying, ‘Allah forgives the past and future sins of a person who makes Kaamil (proper) Wudu.’’
Hadith 5: Tabrani reported in Awsat from Hazrat Ameer-ulMomineen Maula Ali (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that the Holy Prophet (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘There is two folds reward for that person who performs proper Wudu in intense cold weather.’
Hadith 6: Imam Ahmed bin Hambal narrates from Hazrat Anas (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Huzoor Sayyid-e-Aalam (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘He who makes Wudu once (meaning he washed each part of the body that needs to be washed in Wudu, once), then this is (of that which is) essential and for the one who washes twice, there is twofold reward and for the one who washes each part thrice, then this is my manner of Wudu and the Wudu of the past Prophets (peace be upon them).’
Hadith 7: It is in Sahih Muslim on the authority of Uqba bin Aamir (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘Jannat becomes Waajib (compulsory) upon a Muslim who performs Wudu thoroughly and thereafter stands with complete spiritual and physical devotion, and performs two Raka’ats of Salaah.’
Hadith 8: It is in Muslim on the authority of Ameer ul Momineen Farooq-e-Azam Hazrat Umar ibn-e-Khattab (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘When anyone from amongst you performs Wudu thoroughly and then recites: Ash Hadu Al Laa ilaaha il-lAllaahu WahdaHu La Shareeka laHu wa Ashhadu An’na Muhammadan AbduHu wa RasooluHu All 8 Doors of Paradise shall be opened unto him and he may enter it through whichever Door he wishes.’
Hadith 9: Tirmizi reported on the authority of Hazrat Abdullah ibn Umar (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘Ten virtuous deeds will be recorded for a person who performs (fresh) Wudu over the Wudu which he already has.’
Hadith 10: Ibn Khuzaima narrates in his Sahih that Abdullah ibn Buraidah (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) reported from his father that one day Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) summoned Hazrat Bilal (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) and said ‘O Bilal ؓ◌ ! Through which action of yours did I find you walking ahead of me in Jannat? I visited Jannat last night and I could hear your footsteps ahead of me (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him).’ Bilal (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) said, ‘Ya Rasool’Allah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him)! After calling out the Azaan, I perform 2 Raka’ats of Salaah, and whenever my Wudu becomes void (i.e. breaks), I immediately perform Wudu again.’ Nabi (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘It is for this reason.’ (I heard your footsteps in Paradise).
Hadith 11: Tirmizi and Ibn Majah have reported from Sa’eed ibn Zaid (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘The Wudu of one who did not pronounce the Bismillaah is not complete.’ (In other words he has not performed thorough Wudu. The meaning of this is the same as mentioned in the other Ahadith)
Hadith 12: Darqutni and Baihaqi have reported in their Sunan from Hazrat Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘The body of one who pronounces Bismillaah before performing Wudu, has become purified from head to toe and as for the one who performed his Wudu without proclaiming Bismillaah, then only those parts of his body have been purified, over which he poured water.’
Hadith 13: Imam Bukhari and Muslim report on the authority of Hazrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘When one awakens from a dream (sleep), he should perform Wudu and clean his nostrils thrice, for shaitaan spends the night in his nostrils.’
Hadith 14: Tabrani narrates a Hassan narration on the authority of Hazrat Ali (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him), citing that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘If I did not feel that it would be difficult upon my Ummah, I would have commanded them to perform miswak with every Wudu. (In other words I would have made it Fard. In some narrations the term Fard has also appeared).’
Hadith 15: It is also mentioned in one narration of Tabrani that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) never went for any Salaah without performing Miswak (cleaning the teeth).
Hadith 16: It is in Sahih Muslim on the authority of Hazrat A’isha (May Allah Almighty be pleased with her) that when Rasoolullah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) would return home from any (journey), he would first perform Miswak.
Hadith 17: Imam Ahmed narrates from Ibn Umar (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘Make it a habit to perform Miswak, as it is a means of cleansing the mouth and a means of attaining the pleasure of Allah.’
Hadith 18: Abu Nu’aim narrates on the authority of Hazrat Jaabir (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘To perform 2 Raka’ats after performing Miswak is more exalted than 70 Raka’ats which is performed without performing Miswak.’
Hadith 19: It has been mentioned in one narration that the Namaaz which is performed after Miswak is 70 folds more exalted than the Namaaz which is performed without making Miswak.
Hadith 20: It is narrated in Mishkaat Shareef from Hazrat Sayyidah A’isha (May Allah Almighty be pleased with her) that there are 10 actions which are of Fitrat (inherent qualities) [In other words these actions were commanded in every Shariat]: 1. To trim the moustaches 2. To lengthen the beard 3. To perform Miswak 4. To put water into the nostrils (cleansing the nostrils) 5. To clip the nails 6. To wash between the toes 7. To remove the hair from under the arms 8. To remove the pubic hair 9. To perform Istinja (to clean oneself after answering the call of nature) 10. To rinse the mouth
Hadith 21: It is on the authority of Hazrat Ali (May Allah Almighty be pleased with him) that Rasoolullaah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) said, ‘When a servant (believer) performs Miswak and then stands for Salaah, an Angel stands behind him and listens to his Qir’at (recitation). The Angel then comes so close to him, that it places its mouth against the mouth of that person (the Namaazi).’ The Masha’ikh (Pious Grand-masters) have mentioned that a person (believer) who is habitual of making Miswak, will be blessed with the opportunity of being able to recite the Kalima at the time of his death and that person who uses opium, will not be blessed with the opportunity of reciting the Kalima at the time of his death.
Reference: https://yaqoobmadani.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/engbahareshariat-vol2taharat.pdf
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